Drug policies in debate
Less than a month before the Vth National Conference on Drug Policy, drug policies are at the heart of debate in the country and the rest of the world. The climate surrounding the next revision of the promises made in 1998 at the United Nations General Council Special Session (UNGASS) has stirred things.
This edition of Intercambiando is dedicated to this topic.
In Argentina, the government announced modifications to its policies on drug trafficking, which range from shifting criminal pressure on users to creating bilateral collaborative agreements with a number of countries.
In international news, civil society is directing its efforts to ensure that the voices of NGO’s have their place at UNGASS and to organizing the First Global Forum of Producers of Crops Declared to be Illicit.
Meanwhile, the UN Office against Drugs and Crime’s (UNODC) provocative World Drug Report is criticized for suffering from “illusions”.
It is in this context that the harm reduction perspective forms part of the debate in different ways: at the International Harm Reduction Conference in Varsovia the growth and success of the experiences people spoke of were celebrated whilst also recognizing their disparity depending on the region. Just a month later, in Brazil – whose official health policy adopts harm reduction totally – removed leaflets on safety in cocaine use from circulation, giving way to strong debate which has not yet been resolved. So everything seems to suggest that the sign of the times is that drug policies, in all their guises, are – fortunately – a hot topic of debate.
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| The upcoming Vth National Conference on Drug Policy |
August 27th and 28th in the Auditorium of the Argentinean National Congress.
Intercambios Civil Association is holding this event in order to continue the debate on public drug policies in Argentina. The agenda for the 2007 Conference covers regional geopolitics on drug trafficking, local policies, national legislation and a review of the goals of UNGASS.
For the fifth year running the Vth National Conference on Drug Policy will be held in the Auditorium of the Argentine National Congress on the 27th and 28th in August, as organized by Intercambios Civil Association.
Experts, legislators, judges, political decision-makers, professionals from the judicial system and health institutions, organizations from civil society and drug users will be there to talk about the current progress of drug policies in Argentina. The 2006 conference welcomed more than 450 participants.
A contribution to public policies
Intercambios Civil Association is an NGO that has been dedicated to researching and attention to problems related to drugs for the past 12 years. They strive to introduce discussion on these subjects into the highest levels of the legislative system.
“We continue to hold the National Conference on Drug Policy because we believe that it can provide a considerable contribution to the improvement of current policies on drug control, thus increasing their efficacy, viability and credibility, and contributing to the consolidation of favorable public opinion on alternative drug policies with predominantly correctional perspectives”, stated Graciela Touzé, president of Intercambios.
2007 Agenda
The suggested main themes for the Vth National Conference on Drug Policy are:
- Socio-cultural context |
- Local Policies |
- Regional geopolitics on drug trafficking |
- Bioethics and Human Rights |
- National Drug Legislation |
- Review of UNGASS goals |
Of scientific interest
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The Vth Conference is grateful to have the support of the Fund for Scientific and Technological Investigation (FONCYT) of the National Agency for Scientific and Technological Promotion, Productive Science, Technology and Innovation Secretary of the Ministry for Education, Science and Technology of the Nation.
For more information on the Vth National Conference on Drug Policy go to: conferencianacional@intercambios.org.ar |
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| Argentina hopes to change its drug trafficking policies |
The Home Affairs Minister Aníbal Fernández says that until now “they have been a failure”
Argentina hopes to change its drug trafficking policies.
A committee of experts, the consolidation of information in order to coordinate the repressive forces of all provinces, agreements with 17 countries and a “national questionnaire on drug consumption” will form part of a new matrix of drug policies. The announce>
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“It is not about decriminalizing consumption, it’s about treating drug trafficking as something real and analyzing separately what addiction means in itself”. With these words Home Affairs Minister Aníbal Fernández clarified the possibilities for change that the current government seeks to carry out in the field of drug policies in Argentina, and that these changes go from the consolidation of criteria in repressive forces to the creation of an expert committee to advise on integral policies.
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The announcements began on June 11th, in the context of what was later named “The First Forum of the Fight Against Drug Trafficking”, where the Homeland Security Council met to talk exclusively about the illegal sale of narcotics, something that had not been done since the department was formed in 1992. As well as security ministers from all over the country provincial police chiefs, members of the Argentina Federal Police, the National Gendarmerie, the Argentine Naval Command and the Airport Security Police also participated.
A consolidated database
“Procedures are getting better all the time, but the prisons are full of addicts or small time businessmen”, said the Home Affairs Minister. According to official data, 75 percent of proceedings are for possession with intent to consume, and in 80 percent of cases the illegal substances are found through random checks due to conspicuous behavior or “flagrancy”.
The main problems for the government in the persecution of drug traffickers are: 1) few seizures resulting in confiscation; 2) cases of important seizures with no resulting arrests; 3) the superimposition of local and federal jurisdictions in intelligence and repression; 4) insufficient resources; 5) problems related to incompetence; 6) niches of corruption.
With a view to overcoming these obstacles a change in the persecution procedure of drug traffickers has been proposed, placing the focus on the exchange of intelligence information in order to uncover drug trafficking networks. In order for this to happen, provinces and repressive forces will have to take on new ways of processing and managing information which are better connected with the consolidation of databases.
Committee of experts.
The aim of the second proposal is to have an advisory body which suggests changes in legislature and public policy. These are the functions of the provocative Advisory Committee on Issues surrounding the Repression of Drug Traffickers and Complex Criminality, whose executive secretary is attorney Mónica Cuñarro.
The committee is made up of Alberto Calabrese, specialist in the interdisciplinary approach to drug misuse; Horacio Catanni, president of Auditorium II of the Federal Chamber and UN consultant on drug issues; Roberto Falcone, judge for the Federal Oral Court of Mar del Plata; Eva Giberti, Coordinator of the “Victims against Violence” program; Patricia Llerena, judge for Federal Oral Criminal Court Nº 26; Marcelo Madina, judge and external consultant for the Mar del Plata Appeals Court; Roberto Bergalli, -Legal – Criminal Sociology Coordinator and Head of Criminology and Criminal Politics Studies at the University of Barcelona.
With regard to the work program, it has not been ruled out that the proposals should be in line with legal perspectives that do not punish people who are arrested with only small amounts of drugs in their possession and which accept the medicinal use of some substances, such as marihuana.
Meanwhile, the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (INDEC) will carry out a “National Questionnaire on the Consumption of Drugs, Medicines, Alcohol and Tobacco” with the explicit objective of “obtaining an indication of the prevalence of consumption, starting age, the frequency of consumption and perception of risk”.
A sample of 51,000 homes will be selected in areas with a population of greater than five thousand and the questionnaire will be for persons of between 16 and 65 years of age. The budget for the study reaches 2,540 million pesos.
Agreements with seventeen countries
Weeks before the big announcements were made, the national government called a meeting which was attended by seventeen diplomatic officials: ambassadors from the three producing countries, Colombia, Peru and Bolivia; from countries of transit Ecuador, Venezuela, Uruguay, Paraguay, Brazil and Chile, and from the countries where the produce is eventually received, the United States, Spain, Italy, France, Holland, Great Britain, Germany and Australia.
. At the meeting it was proposed that bilateral information exchange treaties be made in order to strengthen the fight against drug trafficking and Spain and Peru have already signed an agreement together.
Conflict of responsibilities
Throughout the month and a half of government announcements on changes in the direction of drug trafficking policies many critics questioned the competence of the Secretary for the Prevention of Drug Addiction and the Fight Against Drug Trafficking (SEDRONAR), which is headed by José Granero.
Sources: Perfil (04-07-07); Página/12 (09-06-07, 12-06-07 y 05-07-07); Ámbito Financiero (11-06-07, 12-06-07, 05-07-07); La Nación (02-06-07); Clarín (15-05-07); La Prensa (09-06-07)
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| NGOs are invited to take part in the UNGASS consultation |
Civil society has much to say about good practice and good policies
NGOs are invited to participate in the UNGASS consultation
NGOs can participate in the UNGASS consultation by completing an online questionnaire in which they are asked to evaluate government policies and making recommendations. The consultation forms part of the timeline for of the UN Office on Drugs and Crime. The more NGOs who participated, the better these organizations’ voices will be heard. For more information go to:
consultaungass2008@intercambios.org.ar
To multiply the voices of civil society, their experiences and opinions on drug policies at a global level, non-governmental organizations have been summoned to participate in the “Beyond 2008” Consultation. The results of the consultation to NGOs will form part of the points to be analyzed during woo8 at the review meeting of the goals agreed a decade ago at the special session of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGASS) which was dedicated to the world drug problem.
Goals were set for after ten and twenty-five years and were confirmed by fifty five countries at that event – which was attended by only six representative of civil society. Progress on these goals will be evaluated next year and there will be a new high level meeting in 2009 to define future actions and both international and national levels.
How to take part
Organized by the Vienna NGO Committee on Narcotic Drugs, the “Beyond 2008” global Consultation will culminate in the 4th International NGO Forum which will take place on July 7th thru 9th in 2008.
The Consultation has three objectives:
- To illuminate the achievements of NGOs in the field of drug control. |
- To review the best practices related to mechanisms of collaboration between NGOS, governments and the UN. |
- To adopt a set of general principles that could serve as a guide in future discussions on drug policies. |
The aim is for civil society to participate in two ways:
1) An on-line Questionnaire which can be completed by any organization that wishes to do so (and the more who do, the more weight the voice of civil society will have).
2) Directly through three organizations in each region who will act as the “hosts” of the consultation. The organizations for Latin America and the Caribbean are: Intercambios Civil Association (Argentina), Youth Integration Centers (Mexico) and Rise Life Management Services (Jamaica).
How to complete the questionnaire
The questionnaire is available online in Spanish. It can be accessed via the homepage of the Vienna NGO Committee (www.vngoc.org) through the hyperlink at the of the last paragraph of the welcome message from the Committee Director, or by clicking on the “beyond 2008 Forum” link (in the menu on the left hand side) and then “NGO Questionnaire”.
The questionnaire is not meant for evaluating the work of each organization, it is to give organizations the chance to evaluate the extent to which the goals proposed for governments ten years ago have been met.
It is also hoped that the organizations who take part can offer their own experiences and expectations for the regional debate of the NGOs. For more information on the Consultation and/or to send your comments, please write to: consultaungass2008@intercambios.org.ar
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| Criticisms of the UNs World Drug Report |
According to the TNI, the report suffers from “illusions”
Criticisms of the UNs World Drug Report
The Transnational Institute of Research on Drug Policies (TNI) called the UN Office on Drugs and Crime’s position as a political agent and center for specialized knowledge “ambiguous”.
In the preface of the World Drug report, released in June by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), its Director, Antonio Maria Costa states that “there is a clear correlation between the UNs drug control initiatives and a decline in the drug economy”. For the Transnational Institute of Research on Drug Policies (TNI) however, this is an “illusion”, given that this statement is not reflected in reading the report. In addition to this, other studies do not show any significant influence on behalf of drug control measures.
“The levels of production of opium and cocaine have not changes significantly in the last decade” – points out Martín Jelsma, Coordinator of TNIs drugs program, - “Meanwhile, indicators such as the reduction of prices and the increase in cocaine and heroin purity suggest there is plenty to offer”.
The problems in the Report
For the TNI, the main problem with the report, in technical terms, is that it makes general statements about extremely reduced information. For example, it uses Morocco as an example to argue its assertations, which is only one of the 164 countries where cannabis is grown.
But the report also has problems in political terms. According to TNI, while UNODC wants to show that it has complied with the promises it made in 1998 at the United Nations General Assembly Special Session on Drugs (UNGASS) to reduce illegal supply and demand – which it will have to account for next year at the goal review meeting - , most of the data on supply and demand show that the promises were not kept.
“The discrepancy between UNODCs evaluation and other reports demonstrates how necessary it is to evaluate the global situation using independent experts so that the evaluation may be transparent, objective and balanced”, stated Tom Blickan, TNI Researcher.
Harm reduction does not exist
Also in the World Drug Report the absence of advances in harm reduction policy issues is clear. In a statement issued by TNI on June 26th it says “they ignore many of the positive experiences of the last decade, such as the decrease in the number of deaths caused by overdose and the decrease in the transmission of HIV. Achievements which are a result of harm reduction.”
For TNI, the only positive aspect is that the UNODC replaces the concept of “a world free of drugs” with the concept of “containment”, a term which “better reflects reality and recognizes different uses, which is central to moving away from the zero tolerance ideology”.
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| First Global Forum of Producers of Crops Declared to be Illicit |
Hoping to influence the review of UNGASS goals
Farmers who are affected by the crop eradication policies defined in 1998 will meet at the First Global Forum of Producers of Crops Declared to be Illicit. It will not be easy, not only because of the illegality aspect, but also because crop growers are organized together in only a few countries
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The aim of the First Global Forum of Producers of Crops Declared to be Illicit (FMPCDI), scheduled for February 2008, is to bring together cannabis, opium and coca leaf growers from all over the world so that they can discuss the consequences of the decisions made ten years ago at the United Nations General Assembly Special Session (UNGASS 1998), when the eradication of substantial reduction of illicit crops was made a global objective, and consequently lead to the systematic repression of farmers from poor countries. |
Voices that are not heard
The review of the goals of UNGASS will take place in 2009. “At the UN Narcotics Commission these voices are never taken into account. This is the time to redress the balance and the affected people should have a role in that process”, stated the International Promotion Committee of the First Global Forum of Producers of Crops Declared to be Illicit, formed by World Mountain People Association (WPMA), Transnational Institute (TNI) and the Center for Rural and International Agriculture Studies (CERAI) in march of this year in Spain.
A difficult encounter
The aim of the Forum is to give farmers the possibility of announcing the political and socio-economical problems which force communities towards these forms of agriculture to global public opinion
The realization of the meeting will not be easy, because of the illegal aspect and because the countries where there has been some experience of successful formalization, such as the coca syndicates in Bolivia, are so few.
The organizers of the Forum point out that, because of these limitations, the assistance of other
actors such as in rural economy, local development agents, international cooperation agents, community representatives, experts and researchers is essential for them to be able to count on the present of the crop producers.
Contacts: fmcicerai@gmail.com / CERAI telephone: (00 34+ 96) 3521878
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| Harm Reduction Conference in Varsovia |
The 18th Conference made it very clear that the reality in each region is very different.
Harm Reduction Conference in Varsovia.
While in some countries harm reduction is a public policy, in many others it continues to be a more marginal perspective. The number of new cases of HIV transmission through the sharing of needles has reached 10 percent in the world.
With 1200 participants from 82 countries, 90 conferences, 300 oral presentations and 300 posters, it can be said that 18th International Harm Reduction Conference which took place in May of 2007 in Varsovia, Poland, was a true measure of the growth of the harm reduction perspective of interventions in drug issues in the world.
A long stretch in HIV
However, not all the news is good news. Prasada Rao, Regional Director of UNAIDS for Asia and the Pacific, stated that “10 per cent of new HIV transmission cases in the world” are attributable to the sharing of syringes in the use of injectable drugs. This is despite the fact that “experience demonstrates that HIV prevention programs are especially efficient amongst users of injectable drugs”.
Speaking along the same lines, UNAIDS called access to antiretroviral therapies amongst users “unacceptably low”. “In order for these to be efficient, the programs should cover 80 percent of the population of injectable drug users. However, only 8 percent of the 13 million people who inject themselves in the world have access to an HIV prevention or treatment program”.
Different points of view
The International Harm Reduction Associations 18th Conference provided an opportunity for delegates from all five continents to meet and exchange their points of view on harm reduction.
What came to light was that whilst in some countries the perspective of harm reduction forms a widespread part of public policy, there are other places where it is still too marginal.
A meeting was held between on the regional harm reduction networks in order to coordinate action and future campaigns.
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| Brazil: dispute a over a leaflet on safety in cocaine use |
Destined for Gay Pride, the government removed it from circulation
San Paulo, Brazil: dispute over a leaflet on safety in cocaine use.
Forty thousand leaflets had been printed for the Gay Pride Parade, but the municipal government decided to remove them from circulation. Harm reduction organizations began a critical campaign. In Brazil, harm reduction is public policy.
It all started with an article in the Brazilian Folha San Pablo newspaper. On the 8th of June 2007,
under the headline “Gay Pride leaflet explains how to inhale cocaine”, Wuppslander Ferreira Neto from the Narcotics Research Department of Brazil was quoted as saying “I will look into the matter to see if the trafficking of drugs is being facilitated or eliminated”.
The leaflet, which was backed by the Ministry of Health, contained the logos of various HIV/AIDS Programs of the State and of the San Pablo Municipality, the Ministry of Tourism and the Brazilian Tourist Board. As a result of its publication, the local government decided to remove from circulation the forty thousand copies of the information, put together by the organizers of the Gay Pride Parade, the typical celebration of GLTTTBI Pride Day.
When interviewed by the newspaper, the drugs official stated “…a leaflet of this kind shows that the parade organizers recognize that cocaine or marihuana will be used there. This leaflet is ridiculous. It’s an incentive for drug use or trafficking, both of which are crimes. The preoccupation for caring for health cannot be greater than the preoccupation for drug use”. The article also quotes various infectologists who are opposed to harm reduction.
Of course this decision gave way to great debate. Hundreds of organizations from Brazil and the world, including Intercambios Civil Association, Argentina, have signed the “Manifest in Defense of Harm Reduction”.
In one of its paragraphs the manifest states: “The Harm Reduction perspective places us in front of the failure of the narrow-minded conceptions and interventions, which simplify human existence excessively, showing that the question is not only to be in favor of against drugs, but, above all, that it is necessary to embrace and accept the people that use them”.
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| Claudia Petracca: "Harm reduction accepted in neighborhoods" |
Claudia Petracca, Coordinator of the San Martin Municipal HIV/AIDS Program
"The neighborhoods are not against harm reduction."
The San Martin Municipal HIV/AIDS Program has seven work teams which reach 900 drug users in twenty-four neighborhoods and they are based in health centers. Together with Rosario, the San Martin Program is the only example in Argentina where a municipality has taken on the harm reduction perspective as its own.
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“We have strategies at every level, individually with the user, collectively within the community and politically, in any field that we can, in order to spread the word that harm reduction is possible within the public health system”. This is how Claudia Petracca, Coordinator of the San Martin Municipal HIV/AIDS Program (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina) defines the levels of the harm reduction work that that they have been doing since 2000.
-How do you begin to work on harm reduction?
- the first few years we were two professionals and two field workers in a four block radius around only one health center. The initiative came from us, as a result of some training courses we had been to. In 2003, we got in touch with injectable drug users as part of an Intercambios Civil Association project together with the Global Fund for the Fight Against AIDS.
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-How did this become a Municipal Program?
- When there were no more funds from the project, we went to the Municipal Health Secretary and presented different reports on the number of users supporting the fact that our work could not stop. There were 385 drug users in 16 neighborhoods. In march of 2005 the municipality adopted the program is its local sanitation policy, they bought us safe injection kits, paid for a field worker, and gave us money to share between the four of us who were already there. We had already been working a lot, and we weren’t able to do everything, so we presented our project to the Global Fund for the Fight Against AIDS which allowed us to put together new work teams.
-In Argentina, municipalities are not able to ask for these funds. How did you manage it?
- We presented together with CreAccion, a civil association in Villa Ballester that organizes the voluntary side of thing and they receive the funds. The projects with the Global Fund allowed us generate experience and back it up so that the municipality could see of incorporating us as a Program.
-What is the situation like today?
- We have seven working teams in 2r4 neighborhoods and we reach 900 users, 257 f whom use injectable drugs. We have a budget of 30 thousand pesos a year for materials and 29 thousand pesos for the monthly salaries of the community workers, who only got paid before when one of our projects were accepted. The Secretary of Addiction for Buenos Aires Province calculates that prevalence in the province is at about 8.1 to 9 percent of users, which in San Martin is about 10 to 12 thousand drug users. In other words we reach 9 percent of users. This is below the international average. In Canada or Spain, for example, they reach 20 percent of users, but these are countries with years of public harm reduction programs.
-Is there any tension between your work and the repressive forces?
- Relationships with the police in these matters are never easy. Years ago one of our promoters was stopped with a kit, and the municipality came out and publicly explained the importance of our work. This year we began to campaign in police stations. Also, we often hold workshops in community organizations, soup kitchens and churches.
-All from a harm reduction perspective?
- What we do is offer workshops on HIV/IADS prevention. When we talk about transmission routes we bring out the guns on harm reduction. Our experience is that the community does not have prejudices; on the contrary, they welcome the proposal, saying “ok, that’s good, I can’t get away from drugs, but at least I can get away from HIV”. The community never rejected us. The people who have shown us resistance and continue to do so are the health workers.
-For example?
- Hospital workers above all, we have had more than one argument with them because they discriminate against users, they refuse to see them, if they user has HIV they demand them to stop using drugs before starting treatment.
-What have you had to learn to work in harm reduction?
- That if we let the prejudices get to us we cannot do the work. Basic prejudice is thinking that someone who consumes a substance is permanently lost. We start from the idea that the user is an active participant: he or she organizes workshops, lends us his home, says “this needle is no good”, talks about leaflets and gradually becomes part of a growing network with other users. As far as contradictions are concerned, the same questions get asked in the all the teams: are we not just getting this person deeper into consumption? We have learned to respect this consumption, to go along with it. And in that process, some people ask us how they stop using, or change their drug of choice. We have learned that out work is to provide and answer to this emerging need: it maybe for assistance, food, or for access to a health service or legal advice.
-What is your opinion as a program of the current drug problem?
- Harm reduction is not yet identified on the political agenda as a strategy within public health because it is predominated by abstinence and consumption is linked with criminality. Substance abuse is not seen as a process, and so is not seen as a path which one can go back on, where some people will want to leave the path but others will not. Harm reduction does not have the political weight that it should at a national level.
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Organized by Intercambios and Punto Seguido
The first long distance course on drugs comes to an end
Forty six participants from Argentina and Latin America completed their training on “The social construction of the drug problem”. The course will run again in September.
Aimed at people working on issues related to drug use in the field of education, health, recreation, social and community action, the first edition of the online course ““The social construction of the drug problem. Uses, practices, policies and interventions” had forty six participants from different places in Argentina, Mexico, Ecuador and Uruguay, who followed the classes published by Intercambios and Punto Seguido from April 12th to May 31st.
Analysis and tools
“The social construction of the drug problem” offers the tools for analysis of preventative and assistencial interventions. Throughout the eight virtual lessons which were published weekly, the participants learned to recognize different practices in drug use and the diversity of meanings which are given to them.
They also analyzed The construction of discourse on the drug problem from a complex and interdisciplinary perspective and to identify the underlying paradigms in drug policies and interventions.
Graciela Touzé is responsible for the coordination of the training and the teaching team is made up of Alejandro Corda, Paula Goltzman, María Pía Pawlowicz and Marcelo Vila
New edition
Given the interest shown in the first course, Intercambios and Punto Seguido will run a second course from the 20th of September to the 8th of November 2007.
Inscription closes on the 13th of September and some partial grants are available. Training certifications will be given to all those who complete the course. For more information please go to: cursodrogas@puntoseguido.com
Harm reduction training
Topics from the analysis of the complexity of scenarios in which harm reduction is practiced to the different intervention experiences were put under the microscope during the workgroup harm reduction training that took place in Buenos Aires in July.
With the aim of collectively reflecting on the situations in which harm reduction is practiced, reviewing the institutional answers to topics linked with drug use, and exchanging intervention strategies the Work group Training on Harm Reduction in Community Intervention with Drug Users took place in the Casa de Nazareth in Buenos Aires on July 11th and 12th.
Complex scenarios
Community promoters and professionals from the Rosario Municipal AIDS Program, the San Martin Municipal AIDS Program, and the AIDS Coordination of the City of Buenos Aires through the CENS 71 teams and the Board of Youth, Sser in the South, Intercambios and representatives of the Sanitary Facilities of Lomas de Zamora all took part.
The training began with an analysis of the complexity of social scenarios, starting with the conference “Knowledge-Power-Intervention Objectives” run by sociologist Alberto Bialakowsky.
Experiences in intervention
With this discussion as a starting point and always starting with the experienced of the participants talk progressed over the two days to the systemization of the different intervention methods which are being developed in this country from the harm reduction perspective
The training was organized by Intercambios within the framework of the “Strengthening drug abuse and HIV AIDS prevention municipal programs in Argentina, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay”, with the support of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)
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Vth National Conference on Drug Policy
Buenos Aires (Argentina), August 27 and 28, 2007
http://www.intercambios.org.ar
VIth International Congress on the Prevention and Assistance of Drug Dependency
Córdoba (Argentina), October 4 - 6, 2007
http://www.programacambio.org
International Congress on Addictions
"Avant garde models in Attention"
México DF (Mexico), October 24 - 26, 2007
http://www.cij.gob.mx
CLAT 4: Latin Conference on the Reduction of Risks Involved in Drug Consumption
Milan (Italy), November 29 and December 1, 2007
http://www.clat4.org/readarticle.php?article_id=2
2007 International Drug Policy Reform Conference
New Orleans (United States), December 5 -8, 2007
http://www.drugpolicy.org/events/dpa2007
Response Beyond Borders:
The First Asian Consultation on the Prevention of HIV Related to Drug Use
Goa (India), January 28 – 31, 2008
http://www.responsebeyondborders.com
19th International Harm Reduction Conference
Barcelona (Spain), May 11 – 15, 2008
www.ihra.net/Barcelona
The Intercambios offices have moved to Av. Corrientes 2548, 2º D, 1046, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires.
Our telephone numbers and emails have not changed. |
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